A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL LEGAL POLICY MODELS

Аннотация

This article provides a comparative legal analysis of the national legal policy models of the Federal Republic of Germany, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Republic of Belarus. The study conceptualizes legal policy as the state’s strategic activity aimed at shaping and developing the legal system and focuses on identifying its constitutional foundations, regulatory priorities, and institutional mechanisms. The findings demonstrate that the substance and orientation of legal policy models are directly linked to a state’s political and legal structure, the degree of separation of powers, and the system of legal values. The German model is grounded in the primacy of the rule of law state and constitutional review, whereas the Russian and Belarusian models reveal a close interconnection between legal policy and state interests, as well as political stability. The legal policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is characterized as a transitional model that combines strategic planning with legal modernization. The article substantiates that these conclusions not only enrich legal policy theory but also hold scientific and practical significance for improving national legal systems and planning legal reform processes.