FORENSIC ASPECTS OF THE SUBJECT OF PROOF IN FRAUD CRIMES COMMITTED USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

Abstract

The article analyzes the system of circumstances subject to proof and establishment in the investigation of fraud crimes committed using information technologies. The sharp increase in crime trends and specific forensic challenges arising in investigative practice clearly demonstrate the relevance of research in this area. The article aims to systemize the general circumstances set forth in Articles 82–83 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan based on forensic theoretical approaches of foreign experts, as well as international legal instruments (Budapest Convention, FATF Recommendations).The study substantiates the importance of digital identifiers, such as IP addresses, MAC addresses, and device IDs, in identifying the offender’s identity, as well as the necessity of ensuring the integrity of digital evidence (digital traces). The article puts forward practical and theoretical recommendations on determining the modus operandi, instruments and means of the crime, as well as the conditions that enabled the commission of the offense. The discussion section addresses the problem of the lack of a distinct qualifying feature for this type of crime in the legislation of Uzbekistan. The paper argues that a comprehensive and interconnected identification of these circumstances is a key prerequisite for improving investigative efficiency, and proposes recommendations for enhancing the legislation.